LES CONTES D’HOFFMANN (Offenbach) ROH London 1981 Agnes Baltsa. Placido Domingo, Ileana Cotrubas

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LES CONTES D’HOFFMANN by Jacques Offenbach
Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London, UK
1981

CAST

Plácido Domingo – Hoffmann
Luciana Serra – Olympia
Agnes Baltsa – Giulietta
Ileana Cotrubas – Antonia
Claire Powell – Nicklaus and The Muse
Robert Lloyd – Lindorf
Robert Tear – Spalanzini
Geraint Evans -Coppélius
Siegmund Nimsgern – Dappertutto
Philip Gelling – Schlemil
Francis Egerton – Pittichinaccio
Nicolai Ghiuselev – Dr. Miracle
Gwynne Howell – Crespel
Phyllis Cannan – Spirit of Antonia’s Mother
Eric Garrett – Luther
Robin Leggate – Nathanael
John Rawnsley – Hermann
Paul Crook – Andrès and Cochenille
Bernard Dickerson – Frantz
Deanne Bergsma – Stella
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Georges Prêtre – Conductor
Orchestra of the Royal Opera House
Royal Opera Chorus
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Stage Director: John Schlesinger
Stage Designer: William Dudley
Costume Designer: Maria Björnson
Lighting Designer: David Hersey

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The Tales of Hoffmann (French: Les contes d’Hoffmann) is an opéra fantastique by Jacques Offenbach. The French libretto was written by Jules Barbier, based on three short stories by E. T. A. Hoffmann, who is the protagonist of the story. It was Offenbach’s final work; he died in October 1880, four months before the premiere.

Offenbach saw a play, Les contes fantastiques d’Hoffmann, written by Barbier and Michel Carré and produced at the Odéon Theatre in Paris in 1851.

After returning from America in 1876, Offenbach learned that Barbier had adapted the play, which Hector Salomon had now set to music at the Opéra. Salomon handed the project to Offenbach. Work proceeded slowly, interrupted by the composition of profitable lighter works. Offenbach had a premonition, like Antonia, the heroine of Act 2, that he would die prior to its completion.

Offenbach continued working on the opera throughout 1880, attending some rehearsals. On 5 October 1880, he died with the manuscript in his hand, just four months before the opening. Shortly before he died, he wrote to Léon Carvalho:

“Hâtez-vous de monter mon opéra. Il ne me reste plus longtemps à vivre et mon seul désir est d’assister à la première.”
(“Hurry up and stage my opera. I have not much time left, and my only wish is to attend the opening night.”)[3]

The stories in the opera include:

“Der Sandmann” (“The Sandman”), 1816.
“Rath Krespel” (“Councillor Krespel”, also known in English as “The Cremona Violin”)[6] 1818.
“Das verlorene Spiegelbild” (“The Lost Reflection”) from Die Abenteuer der Sylvester-Nacht (The Adventures of New Year’s Eve), 1814.

A tavern in Nuremberg: The Muse appears and reveals to the audience her purpose is to draw Hoffmann’s attention and make him abjure all his other loves, so he can be devoted only to her: poetry. She takes the appearance of Hoffmann’s closest friend, Nicklausse. The prima donna Stella, performing Mozart’s Don Giovanni, sends a letter to Hoffmann, requesting a meeting in her dressing room after the performance. The letter and the key to the room are intercepted by Councillor Lindorf (“Dans les rôles d’amoureux langoureux” – In the languid lovers’ roles), the first of the opera’s incarnations of evil, Hoffmann’s Nemesis. Lindorf intends to replace Hoffmann at the rendezvous. In the tavern, students wait for Hoffmann. He finally arrives, and entertains them with the legend of Kleinzach, the dwarf (“Il était une fois à la cour d’Eisenach“, “Once upon a time at the court of Eisenach”). Lindorf coaxes Hoffmann into telling the audience about his three great loves.

This act is based on a portion of “Der Sandmann“.

Parlor of a scientist in Paris: Hoffmann’s first love is Olympia, an automaton created by the scientist Spalanzani. Hoffmann has fallen in love with her, not realizing that she is a mechanical doll (“Allons! Courage et confiance…Ah! vivre deux!“, “Come on! Courage and trust… Ah! to live together!”). To warn Hoffmann, Nicklausse, possessing the truth about Olympia, sings a story of a mechanical doll with a human appearance, but Hoffmann ignores him (“Une poupée aux yeux d’émail“, “A doll with enamel eyes”). Coppélius, Olympia’s co-creator and the act’s incarnation of Nemesis, sells Hoffmann magic glasses to make Olympia appear as a real woman (“J’ai des yeux“, “I have eyes”).

Olympia sings one of the opera’s most famous arias, “Les oiseaux dans la charmille” (”The birds in the bower”; often referred to as “The Doll Song”), during which she winds down and needs to be wound up by Spalanzani before she can continue singing. Hoffmann is tricked into believing his affections are returned, to the bemusement of Nicklausse, who subtly attempts to warn his friend (“Voyez-la sous son éventail“, “See her under her fan”). While dancing with Olympia, Hoffmann falls to the ground, breaking his magic glasses. At the same time, Coppélius bursts in, tearing Olympia apart in revenge against Spalanzani who had cheated him of his fees. With the crowd ridiculing him, Hoffmann realizes he had loved an automaton.

This act is based on “Rath Krespel“.

Crespel’s house in Munich: After a long search, Hoffmann finds the house where Crespel and his daughter Antonia are hiding. Hoffmann and Antonia loved each other, but were separated after Crespel decided to hide his daughter from Hoffmann. Antonia inherited her mother’s talent for singing, but her father forbids her to sing because of her mysterious illness. Antonia wishes her lover would return to her (“Elle a fui, la tourterelle“, “She fled, the dove”). Her father also forbids her to see Hoffmann, who encourages Antonia in her musical career, and therefore endangers her without knowing it. Crespel tells Frantz, his servant, to stay with his daughter, and after Crespel leaves, Frantz sings a comical song about his talents (“Jour et nuit je me mets en quatre“, “Day and night, I quarter my mind”).

After Crespel leaves his house, Hoffmann takes advantage of the occasion to sneak in, and the lovers are reunited (a love duet: “C’est une chanson d’amour“, “It’s a love song”). After Crespel returns, he receives a visit from Dr. Miracle, the act’s Nemesis, forcing Crespel to let him heal her. Eavesdropping, Hoffmann learns Antonia may die if she sings too much. He returns to her boudoir and makes her promise to give up her artistic dreams. Antonia reluctantly accepts her lover’s will. After she is alone, Dr. Miracle enters Antonia’s boudoir to persuade her to sing and follow her mother’s path to glory, stating Hoffmann is sacrificing her to his brutishness, and loves her only for her beauty. With mystic powers, he raises a vision of Antonia’s dead mother and induces Antonia to sing, causing her death. Crespel arrives just in time to witness his daughter’s last breath. Hoffmann enters, and Crespel wants to kill him, thinking he is responsible for his daughter’s death. Nicklausse saves his friend from the old man’s vengeance.

This act is loosely based on Die Abenteuer der Silvester-Nacht (A New Year’s Eve Adventure).

A gallery in a Venetian palace: The act opens with the barcarolle “Belle nuit, ô nuit d’amour” (“Beautiful night, oh night of love”). Hoffmann falls in love with the courtesan Giulietta and thinks she returns his affections (“Amis, l’amour tendre et rêveur“, “Friends, tender and dreamy love”). Giulietta is not in love with Hoffmann, but seducing him under the orders of Captain Dapertutto, who promises her a diamond if she steals Hoffmann’s reflection from a mirror (“Scintille, diamant“, “Sparkle, diamond”). The jealous Schlemil (see Peter Schlemihl for a literary antecedent), a previous victim of Giulietta and Dapertutto (he gave Giulietta his shadow), challenges the poet to a duel but is killed thanks to the magic sword Hoffmann was given by Dapertutto. Nicklausse wants to take Hoffmann away from Venice and looks for horses. Meanwhile, Hoffmann meets Giulietta and cannot resist her (“O Dieu! de quelle ivresse“, “O God! of what intoxication”): he gives her his reflection, only to be abandoned by the courtesan, to Dapertutto’s great pleasure.

In the original version, Hoffmann, furious at being betrayed, tries to stab Giulietta but — blinded by Dapertutto — mistakenly kills his dwarf, Pittichinaccio. In Richard Bonynge‘s version, Giulietta is poisoned and dies by accidentally drinking the philter Dapertutto prepared for Nicklausse.

The tavern in Nuremberg: Hoffmann, drunk, swears he will never love again, and explains that Olympia, Antonia, and Giulietta are three facets of the same person, Stella. They represent the young girl’s, the musician’s, and the courtesan’s side of the prima donna, respectively. After Hoffmann says he does not want to love any more, Nicklausse reveals she is the Muse and reclaims Hoffmann: “Be reborn a poet! I love you, Hoffmann! Be mine” (“Renaîtra un poète! Je t’aime, Hoffmann! Sois à moi!“). The magical poetry reaches Hoffmann and he sings “O Dieu! de quelle ivresse (“O God! of what intoxication”) once more, ending with “Muse, whom I love, I am yours” (“Muse que j’aime, je suis à toi!“). At this moment, Stella, tired of waiting for Hoffmann to come to her rendezvous, enters the tavern and finds him drunk. The poet tells her to leave (“Farewell, I will not follow you, phantom, the spectre of the past”, “Adieu, je ne vais pas vous suivre, fantôme, spectre du passé“), and Lindorf, waiting in the shadows, comes forth. Nicklausse explains to Stella that Hoffmann does not love her anymore, but Councillor Lindorf is waiting for her. Some students enter the room for more drinking while Stella and Lindorf leave together.

Quoted from Wikipedia